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Myths & Facts

MYTH: "The Jews have no claim to the land they call Israel."

FACT:
A common misperception is that all the Jews were forced into the Diaspora by the Romans after the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in the year 70 C.E. and then, 1,800 years later, suddenly returned to Palestine demanding their country back. In reality, the Jewish people have maintained ties to their historic homeland for more than 3,700 years.

The Jewish people base their claim to the Land of Israel on at least four premises: 1) the Jewish people settled and developed the land; 2) the international community granted political sovereignty in Palestine to the Jewish people; 3) the territory was captured in defensive wars and 4) God promised the land to the patriarch Abraham.

Even after the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem and the beginning of the exile, Jewish life in the Land of Israel continued and often flourished. Large communities were reestablished in Jerusalem and Tiberias by the ninth century. In the 11th century, Jewish communities grew in Rafah, Gaza, Ashkelon, Jaffa and Caesarea.

The Crusaders massacred many Jews during the 12th century, but the community rebounded in the next two centuries as large numbers of rabbis and Jewish pilgrims immigrated to Jerusalem and the Galilee. Prominent rabbis established communities in Safed, Jerusalem and elsewhere during the next 300 years. By the early 19th century - years before the birth of the modern Zionist movement - more than 10,000 Jews lived throughout what is today Israel. The 78 years of nation-building, beginning in 1870, culminated in the reestablishment of the Jewish State.

Israel's international "birth certificate" was validated by the promise of the Bible; uninterrupted Jewish settlement from the time of Joshua onward; the Balfour Declaration of 1917; the League of Nations Mandate, which incorporated the Balfour Declaration; the United Nations partition resolution of 1947; Israel's admission to the UN in 1949; the recognition of Israel by most other states; and, most of all, the society created by Israel's people in decades of thriving, dynamic national existence.

Source: Myths & Facts by Mitchell Bard


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Sacrifice and Celebration: Israel at 59 by Caravan for Democracy Staff

With whiplash suddenness, Israel's citizens went directly from memorial services for their war dead on Monday, April 23, to the celebration of Israel's independence on Tuesday, April 24. Is it too quick? Not when you look back at modern history and see Israel's miraculous birth in 1948 out of the ashes of the Holocaust just three years earlier.

This year's Memorial Day in Israel was poignant and heart-breaking. In the past year, 233 Israelis were killed in fighting, most in the Lebanon war. Prime Minister Ehud Olmert said at the memorial service on Mt. Herzl in Jerusalem on April 23:

"The cost of defending and securing the State of Israel is extremely high, priceless, but without which we would have no rebirth and existence.... Those who are gone cannot return, but may they always be in our mind's-eye. The virtue of their sacrifice will be revered; in their light, we will educate our children; the example of their heroism will be an oath of allegiance to honor, love and protect this precious and good country, our national home, the cradle of our homeland and hope...."

Aptly and sadly, Israel's Prime Minister was repeating in the ancient city of Jerusalem the message of the prophet Ezekiel [16:6] thousands of years earlier, "You shall live through your blood." According to Israel's Defense Ministry, since 1860, the year Jews first began settling in neighborhoods outside the walls of the Old City, 22,305 have been killed in wars and terror attacks. Israel has fought a half dozen wars since it was established in 1948.

And then the Celebrations



At sunset on Monday, Israel's mood abruptly changed. Celebrations began across the country with parties, open air concerts, and fireworks. Tuesday was a national holiday, as families held picnics, and thousands hiked Israel's nature trails or camped out at Israel's beaches.

Israel's city streets and citizens' private homes were bedecked with blue and white Israeli flags. But many of them will not come down until after May 16 when Israel celebrates "Jerusalem Day," commemorating the 40th anniversary of the Six-Day War and the reunification of Jerusalem.

Israeli citizens quickly put Memorial Day to the back of their thoughts. For at least one day they turned off to the news of Hamas threats and government corruption. They celebrated Israel's incredible accomplishments in its 59 years - a burgeoning economy, leading scientific and hi-tech accomplishments, an energetic democracy, a rich literary and musical culture, and world-renowned universities. Israel's population has grown from 600,000 in 1948 to 7,150,000.

How successful is the Jewish state? Just ask its new citizens. In a poll taken on the eve of Independence Day, 80 percent of new immigrants felt "at home" in Israel. Half said they "felt Israeli in every way." More than 70 percent of the immigrants from the Former Soviet Union said they felt more Israeli than Russian. Almost three-quarters said that if given the choice, they would repeat their decision to come to Israel.


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April 26, 2007

Israeli Backpackers Cover the Globe
They Go Far, Stay Long and See Deep

by Israel HighWay Staff

This summer, over 20,000 Jewish young adults (ages 18-26) will visit Israel under the auspices of Taglit-Birthright israel. Trips to Israel are becoming a kind of right of passage for young Jews around the world. Ironically, while birthright participants are exploring Israel, many of their Israeli peers are off traveling the world.

In the far-off jungles, mountains and villages of the world you are likely to find young Israeli backpackers. It has become a right of passage for young Israeli men and women after their army service to trek to Nepal, Bolivia, India, Costa Rica, Thailand and other far flung (and inexpensive) destinations. In fact, Israeli backpackers are so numerous in parts of India, Nepal (pictured on the eve of Passover), Southeast Asia and South America that thousands of Israelis participated in Chabad-led Pesach seders last month in places like Katmandu, Bangkok and Dharamsala, India.

Issue of the Week is continued below

World Bible Quiz Champ Is a Winner in Honesty too by Nadav Shragai

The winner of the annual World Bible Quiz on Tuesday asked to share his prize with the runner up after he discovered one of his answers was partially incorrect. Yishai Gaspan, 17, a yeshiva student from Jerusalem and Israel's National Bible Quiz champion, quoted a passage which refers to the Assyrian king Shalmaneser V, mistakenly naming his succsessor Sennacherib instead. After being announced the competition winner, Channel 2 cameras captured Gaspan arguing passionately with celebrity linguist and event host Avshalom Kor, asking him to interevene on his behalf and take points off his score.

Some 64 youths from 35 countries participated in the World Bible Quiz traditionally held on Independence Day. (Ha'aretz)

Holocaust Survivor Who Died Defending Virginia Tech Students Buried in Israel by Robert Berger

The "Kaddish," or mourner's prayer, was recited at a hero's burial in Ra'anana for Liviu Librescu, an Israeli professor at Virginia Tech University. His body was wrapped in a prayer shawl according to Jewish tradition. Librescu survived the Holocaust only to be gunned down in his classroom. He blocked the door as the gunman approached, giving students time to jump out the window and escape. Librescu's wife, Marlena, said she learned of his courageous act from students who sent e-mails. She said they wrote to express gratitude to the professor for saving their lives. (VOA News)

Scavenger Hunt Brings New York's Connection to Zionist History Alive by Michael Lando

80 Jewish students from universities in the New York City area and birthright-Israel alumni traipsed around the New York in search of Israel-related history on Sunday. The "Amazing Israel Race," held in celebration of Independence Day, was the first of its kind.

Although the final clue didn't take them to Israel, it did bring them closer. Each member of the winning group receives $500 toward a ticket to Israel. Second place winners get an Ipod filled with Israeli music, and third place brings a $50 Max Brenner gift certificate.

The scavenger hunt was cosponored by the World Zionist Organization, the Jewish National Fund and the American Zionist Movement. The $20 registration fee will go toward the JNF fund for rebuilding Israel's North. "When people come back from birthright they get the Israel bug, and they are always trying to find ways of getting involved," said Ira Glasser, campus programs coordinator at JNF. (Jerusalem Post)

Edward to be First U.K. Royal to Visit Israel by Charlotte Halle

Just a year ago the British ambassador to Israel stated there would be no official state visit by a member of the British royal family until there was peace, but if reports in last week's Jewish Chronicle are true, Prince Edward is not risking the wait. The Earl of Wessex, as the youngest child of Queen Elizabeth II is formally known, will visit Israel in September following an invitation by the Israel Youth Award organization, according to the report in the London Jewish weekly. The group for Jewish and Arab youth encourages community service and physical activities, and is affiliated with the Duke of Edinburgh's international award scheme. Until now, no member of the British royal family has paid an official visit to Israel, although two unofficial visits have taken place. (Ha'aretz)

Michael Levin: Bigger Than Life Itself by Yaakov Katz

In Israel for the first Remembrance Day since her Michael's death, Harriet Levin reminisced on Friday about her son and her feelings about what it was like living in America and turning into a member of the collective Israeli bereaved family.

Michael's story spread like wildfire throughout the Jewish world: A typical American-Jewish boy who grew up in a traditional home but had done the unusual and left behind the comfortable life to serve his country and nation. Now instead of speaking to Michael on Fridays she gets a call from a mother of a soldier buried next to her son who visits Mount Herzl cemetery and lights a candle for her son and Michael every Friday.

To memorialize their son, Levin and her family have established the Michael Levin Memorial Fund for Israel, with the money designated to helping lone soldiers. (Jerusalem Post)

An Amazing Trip to Israel by Jeff Cohen

In March, I was lucky enough to go on a trip to Israel with my 10th grade class at the New Community Jewish High School. We flew from Los Angeles to Tel Aviv and stayed for a little more than two weeks. Each student lived with an Israeli family from Tel Aviv. We got to see what life was like in the city and we also took side trips all around Israel. I had many terrific experiences and saw many amazing sites.

One experience that was a highlight for me was going to Masada. Masada is on the top of a mountain in the desert. We had to get up at four in the morning to ride there on a bus in order to see the sunrise. We saw an outline of all the Roman camps that surrounded Masada thousands of years ago. We also saw the ruins of the Jewish settlement where the Jews took their lives rather than be captured. I took pictures of the sun coming through the clouds that are wonderful.

Another activity we had was Gadna, a visit to an IDF pre–military camp in the desert. We were soldiers for a day, but they did not work us as hard as I thought they would. They showed us how their guns work and how to position yourself when you are shooting. They also had us run and get in formation among other things. One thing that I learned is that I would never like to live in the desert! However, I admire the fact that all 18 year olds serve in the military.

Finally, we all went to the Western Wall in Jerusalem. It is the holiest land to many religions. I wrote a wish on a piece of paper and then I put it inside the Wall. It was amazing to watch all the people praying right next to the Wall.

Overall it was the best trip I have ever taken. I also miss all my Israeli friends that I made and I look forward to visiting them. I loved Israel so much; I am hoping to return this coming summer.

Jeff Cohen is a sophomore at the New Community Jewish High School in Los Angeles. (Special to Israel HighWay)

East Valley Teens Studying in Israel by Rabbi Douglas Kohn

Sarah Reiter - a resident of Highland, a student at Redlands East Valley High School, and one of two Congregation Emanu El girls studying in Israel this semester - and my own daughter, Elena Kohn, also 17 and a student at Redlands High School, each are spending the winter and spring quarters outside Jerusalem in the Judean Hills, participating in the Eisendrath International Exchange (EIE), the premier High School in the Israel program conducted by the Union for Reform Judaism.

Unless they are away on a tiyul - a trip - the girls and 90 other teens on the program - from all across the United States and Canada - have classes in Hebrew and in Jewish History every morning, and then their "regular" high school curriculum each afternoon until dinner.

"I feel Israel calling on me," Sarah said at breakfast, echoing Elena's sentiments from the night before. "Here, the Torah is on the street, and Chanukah is discussed while shooting on the firing range! It will be hard to go home," she added. (San Bernadino County Sun)

An Israeli Flower Among the Weeds by Kelly Hertog

When the hit American cable show Weeds introduced the character of Yael Hoffman - a provocative Israeli rabbinic school administrator - the TV blogosphere went into overdrive.

Meital Dohan is now a household name in the U.S., thanks to the Showtime series. While Israeli actors are beginning to appear on U.S. screens more often these days, Dohan is possibly the first Israeli to have a recurring role on U.S. television where she is actually playing a fully-fledged Israeli character. (Israel21c)

How Do You Say "Israel" in Arabic? by David Adesnik

WELL, how DO you say 'Israel' in Arabic? The wrong way to answer that question is by consulting a textbook for first-year students of Arabic. Those textbooks will instruct you almost immediately how to say 'Palestine' or even 'Mauritania.' Two textbooks for introductory Arabic predominate on American campuses. They are Al Kitaab fii Ta`alum al-`Arabiyya: A Textbook for Beginning Arabic, published in 1995 by Georgetown University Press and Ahlan wa Sahlan: Functional Modern Standard Arabic for Beginners, published in 2000 by Yale.

Teaching geography is a major concern of both textbooks. I was surprised to learn that the capital of Palestine is Jerusalem. Not East Jerusalem. Just Jerusalem. In Ahlan wa Sahlan, there are no fewer than twelve maps that include the Holy Land. Ten of them refuse to attribute to that land any name at all. Two of them use the word 'Palestine,' although in a way that makes it impossible to tell how much of the Holy Land Palestine covers.

Although it may be impossible to discern the motivations of the authors, one should compare their silence with the more direct approach taken by Arab media. On the Al Jazeera homepage, you can find the word 'Israel' in both English and Arabic. The same is true of the homepage for Asharq Al-Awsat, the internationally-read Arabic newspaper headquartered in London. If Al Jazeera and Asharq Al-Awsat can suggest to their massive audiences that Israel does exist (regardless of whether it should), then perhaps introductory-level textbooks written by professors at American universities can do the same. When the next editions of Al-Kitaab and Ahlan wa Sahlan are published, perhaps their authors will make their peace with geographic reality.

David Adesnik is a policy analyst in Washington. (The Daily Standard)

Still Standing, Still Proud by Liat Collins

Life in Israel is an emotional roller-coaster. One of those "Only in Israel" experiences is that incredible combination of sad and happy as the ceremonies for Remembrance Day for fallen soldiers and terror victims fuse back-to-back with the Yom Ha'atzma'ut festivities, this year on April 23.

This year, undoubtedly, was not one of the easiest for this proud nation - but it doesn't mean we have to abandon all reasons to be proud. As we blow out the Remembrance Day candles and prepare for Independence Day's fireworks displays, it seems almost natural this year to add the Shehechiyanu blessing, praising God "for keeping us alive, sustaining us and bringing us to this moment." For after all, we'll still here, battle-scarred but not beaten.

Our very existence is worth mentioning as an achievement - if only for the pleasure of annoying our many enemies. The fact that we can celebrate Independence Day at all, albeit wiping away a tear for those who gave their lives and didn't make it to the country's 59th birthday, is noteworthy. (Jerusalem Post)

Is There Arab Acceptance of Israel? by Aaron Goldstein

Earlier this week I was invited to attend a talk by Afif Safieh (pictured), the PLO Representative to the United States at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government. Safieh, a one time adviser to the late Yasser Arafat, has been going around the country promoting both the new Palestinian Authority government and the so-called Saudi backed Middle East peace initiative.

In a talk titled, "The American, Israeli, and Palestinian Triangle," Safieh’s angle proved to be particularly obtuse. "The perpetuation of the Arab-Israeli conflict is due not to the Arab rejection of Israeli existence, but to the Israeli rejection of Arab acceptance," Safieh audaciously claimed. I wasn’t quite sure about the Arab acceptance of Israel to which he was referring.

So I asked him what he meant by Arab acceptance of Israel. Safieh replied the Saudi peace initiative itself constituted Arab acceptance of Israel. Of course, Israel first had to give up all lands gained during the Six Day War and then the Arab world would discuss the terms of acceptance or "normalization" as "a reward for good behavior." In other words, give up your land and we might consider recognizing you.

There is also the small matter that Hamas does not accept the State of Israel nor does it renounce terrorism. Indeed, when asked by an audience member if he would condemn Hamas, Safieh demurred and equivocated. Safieh claimed he condemned every suicide bombing against Israeli civilians but stated, "Whoever does not condemn Israeli military incursions…is not morally qualified to have an opinion on suicide bombings." Sadly this statement drew applause from the overwhelmingly pro-Palestinian audience assembled. In Safieh’s dim view, Israeli soldiers are morally equivalent to suicide bombers whose mission it is to massacre civilians. But moral equivalence is a treasured Palestinian value. Unfortunately, acceptance of Israel is not a treasured Palestinian value, let alone an Arab one. (AOL Journals)

Issue of the Week continued

The exact origins of the Israeli backpacking phenomenon have never been pinpointed. Some point to the time soon after the Yom Kippur War as the early beginnings of Israeli backpacking. The war brought on a period of deep introspection in Israeli society, and some Israelis began to search for broader horizons. After the first travelers returned, a tradition was passed on to younger siblings and friends. In the Israeli army, educational officers give lectures about favorite spots in the world for after the army.

Today, young Israelis refer to haGal, "the Wave," of Israeli backpackers sweeping around the globe. Whatever the origins, traveling the world is now a widely accepted, and for many, expected, post-military ritual.

At any point in time, tens of thousands of young Israelis are traveling the world. Anecdotal evidence suggests that at least 50 percent of the immediate post-army demographic is traveling the world in the year or two after their active duty military obligations are completed. One travel writer wrote in admiration of the Israeli hikers: "More than any other nationality, the Israelis have absorbed the ethic of global tramping with ferocity: Go far, stay long, see deep." He described his search for a legendary Israeli "Book - an underground global legend: the everywhere-and-nowhere travel bible of Israel's combat-fatigued, footloose vagabond youth."

What drives young Israelis to explore the world after the army? There is not one easy answer to these questions. Israeli life - and army life in particular - can be intense, and the impact of war and terror adds to the stress of everyday life. While Israeli society is incredibly diverse with a citizenship drawn from the four corners of the world and the land itself offers a vast array of landscapes, varied climates and dramatic scenery, it is still a very small country with a small population. Additionally, Israel is surrounded by inhospitable neighbors; this means that most young Israelis have rarely, if ever, left the country prior to their induction into the Israeli Defense Forces. By the time Israelis finish the army, many are ready to explore broader horizons and experience new and different cultures. As with many other young people from all over the world, Israeli young people want to 'find themselves,' delve into their spiritual sides and see the world.

More on "the Book"

Most Israeli backpackers (and other backpackers who are in the know) rely on a mysterious, almost, mythic travel book that has developed over the last 20 years. The Book cannot be found in stores or viewed online, but it is a vital resource for Israeli backpackers. There are dozens of volumes scattered about the world ready to guide the young Israelis. They detail the cheapest guest houses and youth hostels, the best routes and hikes and, most importantly (and uniquely) for the young Jewish traveler, the places and individuals that are known to be less friendly (i.e., anti-Semitic). The Book, is made up of entries written by whoever feels inclined to writing. Written mostly in Hebrew, but with English and other languages thrown-in, it can be found - by word of mouth - behind the counter at various hostels, at a laundromat in South America and assorted cafes, bars and other establishments frequented by young Israelis.

And the Religious Book

Chabad is renowned for its hospitality and outreach efforts among haGal. They are famous among backpackers for hosting free Sabbath dinners and for providing a home environment and places to stay for young Jews far from home.

Recently, an Israeli international welfare organization set up a program for the backpackers to volunteer in the communities they visit. Tevel b'Tzedek ("The Earth - In Justice," - a phrase from the Psalms that Jews sing every Friday evening to welcome in the Sabbath) began its first backpacker humanitarian program in Katmandu, Nepal on April 15 of this year. According to Tevel b’Tzedek, the "three-month program integrates study and service internships for 20 Israeli and Diaspora young adults, involving them in social and environmental justice programs in the developing world."

One Israeli participant, Tali Ehrlich (pictured, center), described to the Israel HighWay her experiences during orientation week: "We started learning Nepalese and about the local culture, as well as environmental studies and Beit Medrash lessons... Our first Shabbat together in our house was great!!! We had a great Shabbat tefila on our roof - it was definitely a show for all the Nepalese around us! We made our Shabbat food - shakshuka, salads, soup, cholent - and it was great."

The Israeli backpacking right of passage is an interesting phenomena in Israel. Some worry, of course, that these impressionable, tired travelers will find greener pastures in their travels and remain away from Israel; thankfully, after few months or a year most do return. As most of these young people will tell you - it is an amazing, eye-opening experience to travel and see the world before settling into college and jobs.

Fortunately, most of them will also admit that it is an even more amazing experience to return home, to Israel, rejuvenated and ready to reintegrate into the society for which they so valiantly served. (Israel HighWay)

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